{"id":9916,"date":"2022-08-22T10:08:28","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T08:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/?p=9916"},"modified":"2022-08-24T12:18:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T10:18:46","slug":"know-how-automotive-ethernet-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/know-how-automotive-ethernet-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Know-How: Automotive Ethernet explained: features and test needs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Automotive electronics in today\u2019s vehicles are increasingly complex. With more sensors, controls, and interfaces all using higher bandwidth, faster data throughput and more reliable networks are required. The weight of the cables and harnesses in the vehicle is also of concern to manufacturers.<\/p>

Ethernet\u00a0<\/b>has already proven to be a secure transfer medium that can handle large amounts of data and reduce weight by 30% over the traditional CAN\/LIN harnesses. The advantages of Ethernet \u2013 multi-point connections, higher bandwidth, and low latency \u2013 are attractive to automotive manufacturers. However, traditional Ethernet is too noisy and interference-sensitive to be used in automobiles.<\/p>

Automotive Ethernet\u00a0<\/b>is a physical layer standard designed for use in automotive connectivity applications. IEEE standardized the technology with 802.3bw (100BASE-T1<\/strong>), later expanded to 802.3bp (1000BASE-T1<\/strong>). The transport layers are defined by\u00a0AVNU<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0TSN<\/strong>\u00a0Consortiums as well as\u00a0Open Alliance<\/strong>\u00a0Consortium. In the near future autonomous vehicles will require higher bandwidths, hence Automotive Ethernet is expected to grow to hundreds of Gigabit per second , e.g. 100Gb\/s, 400Gb\/s, etc.<\/p>

The Automotive Ethernet\u00a0cable<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0single unshielded copper twisted pair<\/strong>\u00a0making it low-weight and low-cost to manufacture. The single twisted pair is a fundamental difference between standard Ethernet and Automotive Ethernet. Unlike standard Ethernet, with a dedicated transmit-and-receive path, Automotive Ethernet, has a single twisted pair being used for both transmit and receive operations at the same time. This implies that both ends of the link employ a hybrid\u00a0transceiver<\/strong>\u00a0that is capable to distinguish what it is sent from what it is received. Automotive Ethernet has a shorter cable length due to the harsh environment of the vehicle. Impedance tolerances and loss are a big deal in the vehicle environment, and they are controlled very tightly.\u00a0As for the connector, RJ45 is the classic, standard interface for home and office Ethernet. The connector type for Automotive Ethernet is not defined \u2013 meaning that you are free to use whatever connector you prefer. This can be an issue in form fitting standard test requirements and does require some custom cabling and fixtures.<\/p>

Testing of Automotive Ethernet Devices<\/strong><\/p>

In automotive applications Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS<\/b>) and autonomous vehicles (AV<\/b>) use lots of sensors, controls and interfaces with higher bandwidth requirements. Automotive Ethernet provides a single universal medium for communication that allows different components to coexist on the same switched network. Whenever a Device Under Test (DUT) is equipped with Automotive Ethernet, PC control of the DUT requires a\u00a0Media Converter<\/b>\u00a0that \u201ctranslates\u201d Ethernet to BASE-T1 protocol, i.e. standard Ethernet to Automotive Ethernet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Flexmedia XM configuration flows from the rear PoE port. Data communication with the IEEE 1000BASE-T1 DUT flows from the front Ethernet and IEEE 1000BASE-T1 ports<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t
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The best test tool to solve this need is a modular solution, that can be used in\u00a0R&D, V&V and manufacturing test<\/b>, with a\u00a0rugged\u00a0<\/b>and at the same time\u00a0compact shape\u00a0<\/b>to save manufacturing floor space, closer to DUT for more efficient cabling and conceived for continuous\u00a024\/7 operations<\/b>.<\/p>

Flexmedia XM EMC1000T1<\/a>\u00a0<\/b>module is an\u00a0Ethernet to 1000BASE-T1 Media Converter\u00a0<\/b>module. It establishes conversion between automotive ECUs using 1000BASE-T1 (1000 Mbit\/s full-duplex, with single twisted pair cable) and any standard Gigabit Ethernet device with an RJ-45 connector. In this conversion, no packets are stored nor modified. The conversion takes place on the Physical Layer with the highest proven reliability. The connector for Gigabit Ethernet is a standard\u00a0RJ-45<\/b>, while for BASE-T1 a Rosemberger\u00a0H-MTD\u00ae connector\u00a0<\/b>is used. The user can easily configure IEEE 100\/1000BASE-T1 modes.<\/p>

Flexmedia XM ESC1000T1<\/b><\/a>\u00a0is an\u00a0Ethernet to 1000BASE-T1 Smart Media Converter\u00a0<\/b>module. It integrates a\u00a0versatile micro-PC\u00a0<\/b>based on an ARM\u00a0multicore\u00a0processor\u00a0supporting Linux OS. The ESC1000T1 Smart Media Converter module\u00a0performs as NAT, DHCP client and DHCP server<\/b>. The ESC1000T1 module has preinstalled scripts to configure the basic features; furthermore, it is also possible to download new scripts for features updates.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t

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Flexmedia XM configuration and data communication with the IEEE 1000BASE-T1 DUT flow from the rear PoE port. The IP of the DUT is masked with NAT.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Flexmedia XM configuration flows from the rear PoE port. Data communication with the IEEE 1000BASE-T1 DUT flows from the front Ethernet and IEEE 1000BASE-T1 ports. The IP of the DUT is masked with NAT.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Its typical use case is communicating with multiple DUTs with the same IP address, e.g. flashing operations.<\/p>

Like all Flexmedia XM modules, they share the same rugged industrial design in a portable, palm-sized form factor. They use a\u00a0Gigabit PoE<\/strong>\u00a0low-cost control & power infrastructure, with 10\/100\/1000BASE-T Ethernet support, and are provided with a variety of software interfacing methods, including\u00a0Windows APIs (C#\/C++ SDK)<\/strong>\u00a0and a simple OS-agnostic\u00a0Command Line Interface (CLI)<\/strong>. Remote firmware updates can be performed via Ethernet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t

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Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Automotive Ethernet offers a viable and unifying technology to replace previous automotive networking standards and deliver the bandwidth needed for technology-laden vehicles. Not only it provides the throughput needed today, but also offers future potential to allow the inclusion of higher resolution cameras and vehicle-to-vehicle communications. In 2020, the IEEE produced 802.3ch, which provides for multi Gigabit Ethernet at standard rates of 2.5Gbit\/s, 5Gbit\/s and 10Gbit\/s over a maximum cable lenght of 15 meters. Shielded twisted pair wires will operate at these speeds, but electrical frequencies beyond 7 GHz may require the use of shielded parallel pair wires to minimize EMI issues. This standard will provide enough bandwidth for the next two or three platform generations.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

References:
\u2013 Wikipedia:\u00a0Ethernet over twisted pair<\/a><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Automotive electronics in today\u2019s vehicles are increasingly complex. With more sensors, controls, and interfaces all using higher bandwidth, faster data throughput and more reliable networks are required. The weight of the cables and harnesses in the vehicle is also of concern to manufacturers. Ethernet\u00a0has already proven to be a secure transfer medium that can handle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/box3_def.jpg",850,350,false],"list":["https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/box3_def-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/box3_def-300x124.jpg",300,124,true],"full":["https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/box3_def.jpg",850,350,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9916"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9916"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9923,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9916\/revisions\/9923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.areadisviluppo.com\/flexmediaxm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}